Cognitive impacts
Parkinson’s often involves cognitive non-motor symptoms, such as memory difficulties, impaired judgment, and slower thinking processes, which can significantly affect daily functioning
Anxiety is a common symptom of Parkinson’s due to changes in brain chemistry. The reduction in dopamine levels can lead to chemical imbalances in the brain, which contribute to anxiety. The stress of living with a chronic condition and the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s can exacerbate feelings of anxiety. This combination of neurological and psychological factors makes anxiety a prevalent non-motor symptom in people with Parkinson’s. However, anxiety is manageable with medication, exercise, and therapy to maintain mental wellbeing.
Apathy is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's, characterised by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or motivation. Losing interest in new activities, lacking emotional response to situations, and difficulty initiating or completing tasks are common manifestations of apathy. Unlike depression, which involves feelings of sadness and guilt, apathy is an emotional flatness and a general disinterest in life. You may feel less inclined to exercise, follow medication schedules, or engage in social activities, which can worsen symptoms. Apathy in Parkinson's can be challenging, but there are strategies to manage it. Stay engaged socially, exercise, and optimise medications and treatments.
Delusions in Parkinson’s, false beliefs that are not grounded in reality, can cause significant distress. These delusions can manifest as irrational thoughts, such as believing that someone is plotting against them or that their partner is unfaithful despite no evidence. They are typically a part of Parkinson’s psychosis and are triggered by the progression of the disease, side effects of medications, or coexisting conditions like dementia. Managing these delusions involves consulting specialists to adjust medications or introduce treatments specifically designed for people living with Parkinson’s. This comprehensive approach aims to improve the quality of life for both you and your families, as this symptom can be very distressing for all.
Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) is a condition that affects some people with Parkinson’s. It involves significant changes in thinking and behaviour that develop after the onset of motor symptoms like tremors, stiffness, and slow movements. PDD can lead to memory difficulties, problem-solving and attention issues, and behavioural changes such as apathy, delusions, and hallucinations. This condition typically emerges many years after the initial diagnosis of Parkinson’s. Treatment strategies focus on improving symptoms through medications and lifestyle changes.
Depression, a common symptom of Parkinson's, affects up to 50% of people with the condition. It's not just a reaction to the diagnosis or the challenges of living with Parkinson's, but a direct result of changes in brain chemicals that regulate mood, energy, motivation, appetite, and sleep. Understanding that these changes in brain chemistry are the root cause of depression can help you stay proactive with advice from your care team and mental health supports.
Hallucinations can be a symptom of Parkinson's, particularly in its later stages. These hallucinations are often visual but involve other senses like hearing or touch. They result from changes in the brain due to Parkinson's, particularly in the regions involved in the perception and processing of sensory information. Hallucinations in Parkinson's can be treated and managed with medications, counselling and support from your care team.
Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's are the inability to resist intense urges that lead to repetitive, potentially harmful behaviours. Common ICDs include pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive shopping, binge eating, and compulsive hobbyism. These behaviours are often linked to the use of dopamine agonist medications, which are commonly prescribed to manage motor symptoms of Parkinson's. Effective management typically involves adjusting medicines under medical supervision, providing behavioural therapies to enhance impulse control, and educating both you and your caregivers about recognising and managing these challenging symptoms, as your support is crucial in this journey.
Loss of executive function refers to changes in cognitive processes essential for planning, organising, problem-solving, and regulating behaviour to achieve goals. You may find it challenging to initiate, switch between, or complete tasks efficiently. Memory functions may also affect your recall of information needed for immediate tasks. This can significantly impact daily life, work performance, and interpersonal relationships. In these moments, it's important to remember that you're not alone. Effective support and coping strategies are available to help you manage these challenges, providing reassurance and a sense of support.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's refers to a stage where you experience noticeable cognitive changes beyond what is expected due to normal aging but do not yet meet the criteria for dementia. Common symptoms include difficulties with memory, attention, and executive function, such as impacts on your ability to plan and problem-solve. It can impact daily activities, work performance, and social interactions. You might experience forgetfulness, trouble finding words, or challenges completing tasks requiring complex thinking. While you may still be able to manage independently in most areas of life, these cognitive changes can be concerning and require careful monitoring by your care team.
